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Low-carbon economy
A Low-Carbon Economy (LCE) or Low Fossil Fuel Economy (LFFE)[1]is a concept that refers to an Economy which has a minimal output of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions into the biosphere, but specifically refers to the greenhouse gas Carbon Dioxide. Recently, most of scientific and public opinion has come to the conclusion there is such an accumulation of GHGs (especially CO2) in the atmosphere due to anthropogenic causes, that the climate is changing. The over-concentrations of these gases is fundamentally changing the climate, which will impact humanity in the foreseeable future.[2] Globally implemented LCE's therefore, are proposed as a means to avoid catastrophic climate change, and as a precursor to an ideal zero carbon society.
Some nations are low carbon - societies which are not heavily industrialised or populated. In order to avoid climate change at any point in the future, all nations considered carbon intensive societies and societies which are heavily populated, should become Zero carbon societies. Several of these countries have pledged to become 'low carbon' but not entirely zero carbon, and claim that emissions will be cut by 100% by offsetting emissions rather than ceasing all emissions - carbon neutrality. In other words, some emitting will continue which will be offset.
Nations seek to become low-carbon economies as a part of a national global warming mitigation strategy. A comprehensive strategy to manage global warming is carbon neutrality, geoengineering and adaptation to global warming.
Nuclear Power, or, the proposed strategies of Carbon capture and storage (CCS) have been proposed as the primary means to achieve a LCE while continuing to exploit non-renewable resources; there is concern, however, with the matter of spent-nuclear-fuel storage, and the uncertainty of costs and time needed to successfully implement CCS worldwide and with guarantees that the stored emissions will not leak into the biosphere. Alternatively, many have proposed renewable energy should be the main basis of a LCE, but, they have their associated problems of high-cost and inefficiency; this is changing, however, since investment and production have been growing significantly in recent times.[3] Furthermore, regardless of the effect to the biosphere by GHG emissions, the growing issue of peak oil may also be reason enough for a transition to an LCE.
The aim of a LCE is to integrate all aspects of itself from its manufacturing, agriculture, transportation and power-generation etc. around technologies that produce energy and materials with little GHG emission; and thus, around populations, buildings, machines and devices which use those energies and materials efficiently, and, dispose of or recycle its wastes so as to have a minimal output of GHGs. Furthermore, it has been proposed that to make the transition to an LCE economically viable we would have to attribute a cost(per unit output) to GHGs through means such as emissions trading and/or a carbon tax.
